An arc welding machine is a device used to join two or more metal parts by generating intense heat through an electric arc. The arc is formed between an electrode and the workpiece, melting the metals so they fuse together upon cooling.
Working Principle
Arc welding works on the principle of electric arc heating. When electric current passes through the electrode and touches the metal surface, an arc is produced. This arc generates very high temperature (around 6000–7000°C), which melts the base metal and electrode to create a strong welded joint.
Main Components
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Power Source – Supplies AC or DC current required for welding.
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Electrode Holder – Holds the welding electrode safely.
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Electrode – Conducts current and provides filler material.
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Welding Cables – Carry current from the machine to the electrode and workpiece.
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Work Clamp (Earth Clamp) – Completes the electrical circuit.
Types of Arc Welding Machines
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AC Arc Welding Machine
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DC Arc Welding Machine
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Inverter Arc Welding Machine
Advantages
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Simple and easy to operate
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Low equipment cost
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Suitable for thick metals
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Can be used indoors and outdoors
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Strong and durable weld joints
Disadvantages
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Requires skilled operator
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Produces fumes and sparks
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Not ideal for thin metal sheets
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Safety precautions are necessary
Applications
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Construction and structural fabrication
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Automobile and shipbuilding industries
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Repair and maintenance work
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Manufacturing of pipelines and machinery
Safety Precautions
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Wear welding helmet and gloves
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Use protective clothing
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Ensure proper ventilation
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Avoid direct contact with live electrodes